Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Task 3 - Essay Example The fundamental resolutions that make up the antitrust law are the Sherman Act 1890, the Federal State Commission Act of 1914 and the Clayton Act of 1914. These laws are intended to disallow and confine the arrangement of cartels and different exercises planned for controlling exchange. They additionally compel acquisitions and mergers which would lessen rivalry. These laws limit the making of syndications that mean to manhandle the restraining infrastructure power. Antitrust laws are set up to shield the customers from covetous strategic approaches by ensuring that there is reasonable rivalry in the market. The center capacity of the antitrust arrangements is to protect the government assistance of the shoppers. Both the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice just as the Federal Trade Commission can carry activities to implement antitrust laws. State governments can likewise carry activities to authorize antitrust laws. It is additionally vital that private common suits can likewise be brought to uphold these laws. Open implementation is, in any case, increasingly viable as the costs, intricacy and overpowering undertakings give a test to private gatherings thinking about that requirement is regularly against enormous enterprises (Weiser 2005). How the antitrust laws have guaranteed reasonable, adjusted, and serious strategic approaches. ... Among the most eminent cases brought under the antitrust law is the breaking down of the AT&T telephone utility imposing business model in 1982. The organization was separated into one far off organization and seven local organizations. The contention for the crumbling was that opposition ought to trade a restraining infrastructure to help both the economy and customers (Connor, 2006, p. 198). In United States v. Eastman Kodak Company (1921) the court utilized antitrust law to check the ingestion, procurement and disposal of different ventures engaged with the photographic exchange. The court restricted the obtainment of monopolistic crude materials and killed the commitment on sellers not to manage results of contenders. Antitrust law was likewise huge in forestalling a development to change the movie business into a monster participation. In United States v. Fox Theaters Corporation, et al (1948) the court handicapped a merger of two fundamental players in the business. US v. N ational Retail Credit Association (1933) additionally utilized antitrust law to forestall the disposal of just about 300 and fifty autonomous retail credit organizations. A procedure to consume the retail credit business in the nation had been created and upheld by the credit affiliation. Individuals were assigned areas where each was to fill in as an imposing business model. The other little retail credit organizations were to be expelled from the business by strategies planned at dispensing with their wellspring of credit data. US v. Kansas City Ice Company likewise utilized antitrust law to forestall the devastation of private ventures in the ice exchange. The Kansas City Ice Company had procured control of practically 90% of ice flexibly through agreements to buy the entire creation of ice

What Makes a Good Villain Heres Your 15-Item Checklist

What Makes a Good Villain Heres Your 15-Item Checklist What Makes a Great Villain? Your Checklist for Writing a Good Bad Guy Nothing makes your legend more chivalrous than a commendable rival. So don’t dupe your reprobate. Invest just as much energy creating him as you do your lead character, on the off chance that you need your story to work. (In spite of the fact that I will utilize male pronouns all through, this applies similarly if your primary character is a courageous woman or your scoundrel is female.) Such a large number of writers give a lot of care to each other component of their story, at that point make what they consider a delectably malevolent reprobate and miracle why the bundle appears to crash and burn. Regularly it’s in light of the fact that the trouble maker is just that: terrible. He’s from Central Casting and should star in a drama, complete with dark top cap, cape, and handlebar mustache so we perusers can boo and murmur all his doorways. Each and every other character is genuine and nuanced and reasonable, however the second-most significant lead ruins the reader’s entire experience. Need assistance composing your novel?Click here to download my definitive 12-advance guide. Inspiration: The Secret Sauce for Creating a Great Villain Don’t let the word alarm you. Inspiration doesn’t must be some indistinct dramatic idea hurled about by strategy entertainers attempting to get into character. It basically implies your miscreant needs a purpose behind being the individual he has become. On the off chance that he isn’t working, it’s on the grounds that you’ve made him the reprobate simply because he’s an awful individual. He does detestable things in light of the fact that he’s fiendish. That’s excessively simple. Change your reasoning. Take a stab at something progressive. On the off chance that you just can’t see genuinely contemptible individuals, attempt this: Put yourself in their place. â€Å"Wait!† you state. â€Å"I’d rather consider myself to be the saint, making the best decision in light of the fact that it’s the proper thing, adapting to the situation, sparing the day.† Wouldn’t we as a whole? All things considered, don’t thump this till you’ve attempted it. You’re composing along, and you’ve go to where your miscreant needs to act in some abhorrent manner. Your virtual internet composing mentor has encouraged you to be certain he has legitimate inspiration. I'm not catching this' meaning? He can’t be awful, do awful, cause inconvenience in light of the fact that he’s the trouble maker, so what’s made him along these lines? What’s behind it? You need to know before you have him do whatever it is he’s going to do. Have His Spot â€Å"But I’m not a villain!† you state. â€Å"I’m no Dr. Moriarty or Dracula or Simon Legree.† Indeed, you are. You have your days. You’ve figured out how to control yourself, or perhaps you’re an individual of confidence and have discovered control outside yourself. Be that as it may, you know your actual nature, your old nature. We writers need to turn into our characters, from youthful to old, male to female, manual specialist to official, and ignorant to taught. That’s part of its fun. Presently take that further. When a companion assumes acknowledgment for something you achieved, what’s your first private idea? You get over it, I know. You presumably state nothing and let it go for the relationship, and that’s incredible. However, harp on that underlying instinctive response a second. Somebody you know well and love and trust deceives you, and there’s no inquiry regarding it. You’re irritated, hurt-squashed truly. Truth be told, you’re incensed. You keep quiet in light of the fact that you’re a develop grown-up. Perhaps when you chill off you’ll soundly stand up to the lie and get to its base. Be that as it may, for the time being, engage that prompt first response. Where was your heart and psyche at that point? I’m not advising you to get mean, spoiled, and terrible when we’re all expected to have become out of that sort of thing at this point. Be that as it may, I am instructing you to take advantage of your clouded side long enough to recognize what really matters to a decent scalawag. What Makes a Good Villain? Reprobates are genuine individuals to whom awful things have occurred. Possibly in youth, perhaps in puberty, perhaps later. Eventually, as opposed to learning and developing, their development procedure hindered and slowed down. Foundations of sharpness and outrage jumped up in them. On a superficial level they may have many, if not most, of the equivalent appealing characteristics of your legend. In any case, just underneath the surface rot the characteristics you can access in yourself in the event that you permit yourself to. While this may clarify the purposes behind your villain’s activities, it doesn’t pardon or excuse them. He’s still shrewd, and he should in any case be brought to equity. Yet, giving him inspiration will make him in excess of a cardboard pattern. So summon a backstory for your miscreant. Make him genuine and trustworthy and sound even alluring from various perspectives. And keeping in mind that you’re composing your story, perceive what number of boxes you can confirm on this rundown of attributes that relate to your scalawag. The more that apply, the more fruitful your novel is probably going to be. Since the more commendable his adversary, the more gallant your legend will show up. Reprobate Characteristics Checklist: He’s persuaded he’s the hero He has numerous amiable characteristics He’s a commendable enough adversary to make your legend look great You (and your peruser) like when he’s in front of an audience He’s sharp and achieved enough that individuals must loan him resenting regard He can’t be an imbecile or a bumbler He has huge numbers of similar qualities of the saint, however they’re misled He ought to every so often be caring, and not only for appear He can be barbarous, even to the honest He’s convincing He’ll persevere relentlessly to get what he needs He’s glad He’s tricky He’s envious, particularly of the saint He’s wrathful Need assistance composing your novel?Click here to download my definitive 12-advance guide. What might you add to this rundown of what makes a decent scoundrel? Let me know in Comments beneath.

Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting Agenda Consultation

Question: Examine about theConceptual Framework for Financial Reporting for Agenda Consultation. Answer: Presenting Major Issues in the New Standard The presentation draft chose is from the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board). The IASB distributed the introduction draft and opened it for open remark on 28 May 2015. The draft proposed corrections to the IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. It was a proposition results from different momentary ventures under the Disclosure Initiative of the IASB. It followed the various respondents proposals to the Agenda Consultation 2011 of the IASB. The IASB was solicited to attempt an audit from the divulgence prerequisites in the accessible IFRS to investigate systems through which it could improve exposures. As needs be, ISAB started the Disclosure Initiative in 2013 under a bundle of different activities expected at improving the budgetary data exposure. The draft likewise planned for improving the monetary detailing through the arrangement of an increasingly complete, more clear just as refreshed cluster of ideas usable by various gatherings including the IASB itself when creating IFRS and others to empower them to have an extensive comprehension and utilization of such Standards (Carey, 2012). The IASB proposed a tight concentration in the introduction draft that gave explanation of the revisions to the IAS 1 to manage issues raised seeing the introduction just as divulgence prerequisites in this way ensuring elements can use the judgment during the readiness of their fiscal summaries (Nagy, 2011). The presentation draft turned out to be progressively finished contrasted with the accessible Conceptual Framework. The culmination was on the grounds that it managed different territories which were either revealed or not shrouded completely in the then Conceptual Framework. A portion of the extra issues consolidated in the introduction draft included estimation, the detailing substance, introduction and revelation, de-acknowledgment and budgetary execution covering the utilization of other complete salary. The introduction draft likewise explained certain parts of the accessible Conceptual Framework. The New Standard determined that the data required to meet the money related revealing goal by joining data which can be used to help stewardship the board of the assets of the substance. It additionally elucidated the jobs of the reasonability just as substance over the structure in the budgetary announcing. The presentation draft additionally gave an explanation that elevated levels of estimation vulnerability could turn budgetary data unimportant (Christensen, 2010). The introduction draft clarified that noteworthy choices on, for example, acknowledgment just as estimation, were driven by with respect to the subsequent data nature about both budgetary position and monetary execution. The presentation further gave exact meanings of the liabilities close by resources just as exhaustive direction on the side of such definitions. The last area of the presentation draft involved the updates to the areas of the then accessible Conceptual Framework which were at that point out of date. T he introduction draft quite explained the job of likelihood in the advantages and liabilities definitions. The remark letter cutoff time for the high presentation draft was set to end on 23 July 2014. Regardless of whether Consensus or Disagreement and Rationale ATT Response The remark letters chose for this presentation draft were drawn from different associations including Eumedion, AAT, ACCA and Accounting and Financial Reporting Daimler Group (FAG). The AAT (ref: 15-086 (SC)) was submitted on 26 October 2015. The AAT remark letter was drafted by the Association of Accounting Technicians because of the high presentation draft. AAT added their remark to build the incentive to and featured components that should have been mulled over (Nagy, 2011). ATT mostly stressed on the operational perspectives presentation draft and offered an input on the items of common sense of executing the laid out measures. AAT bolstered the correction to the Conceptual Framework for dependent on different reasons moored on page six of ED, for example, certain basic regions stayed revealed, the absence of clearness on direction and oldness in specific parts of the current system. AAT likewise upheld the amendment focusing on the significance job of the standard during the time spent setting principles by helping the IASB to create norms tied down on reliable ideas. The ATT additionally upheld the adjustment refering to that it gave the essential direction to the planning of the fiscal summaries not tended to by the IFRS dependent on exchanges, conditions or occasion just as where the bookkeeping measures give an alternative to bookkeeping arrangement like IAS 16 Property, Plant, and Equipment. ATT additionally bolstered in light of the fact that the Exposure Draft helped the two clients and preparers to comprehend and decipher the norms. Daimler Response The Daimler concentrated on featuring the issues that were revealed by the IASB during the Exposure Draft (ED) arrangement. The association held a view that the plan of action or exercises expected to assume a key job all through the Conceptual Framework rather just being confined to the unit of estimation, record, exposure, and introduction. They proposed that singular plan of action should be qualified for changing bookkeeping rehearses. They recommended that the new guidelines or key changes expected to respond to the subject of whether the alteration or standard guaranteed valuable data for each plan of action in scope. Daimler disagreed with the meaning of liabilities and resources (Marques, 2012). They concurred with the meaning of an advantage as a privilege yet contradicted that such a privilege can possibly produce financial advantages on the off chance that there are simply remote conditions whereby such advantages will stream to the firm. In their view, Daimler held that e xclusively conditions that favor monetary substance should have been considered during the appraisal of whether a thing meets the benefit definition (Nagy, 2011). They additionally contradicted the proposed model for acknowledgment recommending that it could result in undeniably more liabilities and a resource for be recognized in the budget summaries. They held the contradicting view that such standard didn't really improve importance or devoted portrayal but instead set out toward exorbitant with no upgrade of data handiness. They held that grasping such a methodology could contrarily influence the preparers during the advancement of bookkeeping approaches for conditions whereby no additional principles apply. The Daimler bolstered the meaning of the announcement of benefit or misfortune by the IASB with reservation requesting for an exact meaning of the announcement of the exhaustive salary to support a common comprehension of the OCI in this way explaining what pay and costs to be involved in the OCI (Marques, 2012). They upheld the assumptions that recognize costs and salary in benefit or misfortune just as the reusing all things considered and pay perceived in OCI to the benefit or misfortune as involved in the Exposure Draft. In any case, they held the contradicting view that irregularities between existing guidelines and ED could result from such assumptions and asked the Board to give direction on circumstances where such assumptions might be refuted to improve understandability just as lessening intricacy. They concurred that the IASB was the correct way with a booking for more research without rushed usage of the alterations as illustrated in ED (Nandelstadh Rosenberg, 2013). ACCA by Fangwei Lin Fangwei exclusively centered around parts of the ED since he had not wrapped up the whole record. He concentrated on part four (the components of budget summaries) chiefly salary and costs to involve sums delivered by exchanges close by different occasions, for example, changes in the conveying estimation of liabilities and resources. He concurred with the meaning of costs and salary by modifications in them yet saved that such a definition demonstrated the comprehensive ideas to get cost and pay where there does not have a contrast among anomalous and ordinary business (cave Hertog, 2010). He supported the exhaustive utilization of working idea nearby comprehensive idea and recommended that the subjective highlights of valuable data like equivalence and pertinence will improve where one recognizes unusual and ordinary activities to characterize cost and pay. Like Daimler ACCA called for additional examination by ISAB into nations considering to cling to IFRS to comprehend the genuin e situations before creating IFRS. Eumedion Corporate Governance Forum by Rients Abma (Executive Director) The Eumedion bolstered the consideration EDs proposition to give need to consolidate the essentialness of giving the data required inside the money related detailing objective for appraisal of stewardship the board of the assets of the association. They agreed that it is as essentialness to give helpful data to analyze stewardship as to give data to the appraisal of the possibility for coming incomes to a firm (Nagy, 2011). They put stock in the meaning of stewardship as a particular essential objective would ensure its job where standard detailing would be fluctuating for both expressed destinations consequently the purpose behind further necessities of extra significant data as presently expected to evaluate the possibility for future incomes for proficient administration of stewardship. The held that the Conceptual Framework required to involve extra direction on the thought of stewardship while changing the current norms and growing new ones just as understanding. Open Interest, Private Interest, and Capture Theories Assumptions Relevant Comment Letters The hypothesis of open premium accept that monetary markets remain very delicate with propensities of wasteful oper

Development of Democracy as Political Theory - Free Essay Example

The political theory we study today is founded upon the history of the ancient Greeks, dating all the way back to the era of Western political philosophy. Political theory is the nature and purpose of human society; it analyzes and explains how our society came about, how it works, and why it exists. We study political theory because it helps citizens to understand their relationship to their ruling government as well as identifies their role in society. Additionally, political theory examines moral claims and the way they are applied to politics. Moral claims – assumptions about a person’s internalized character and ethics, allows us to decipher between right and wrong and aids us in making proper judgements. This is especially important in politics so that our government can be built upon a strong, controlled, and just system. In ancient Greece, the laws of society were composed of customs and traditions, or nomos, and remained firm and consistent throughout time. George Klosko, author of History of Political Theory: An Introduction Volume I: Ancient and Medieval, states that, â€Å"As citizens of our countries, we have responsibilities to the citizens around us, our government, and our family and friends.† (Klosko) In addition to these duties, we are also guaranteed rights – more specifically, the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as outlined in the United States Constitution. These responsibilities and rights of citizens, as well as the education and traditions of ancient governments will be discussed in more detail in the subsequent paragraphs as we compare and contrast the Athenian Model of the Polis and Plato’s â€Å"Just City†. The Greeks of ancient times were all bound together by common language, their way of life, and religion. (Klosko) Just as in various countries around the world today, ancient Greece was composed of different forms of government – just not as many as those that exist today. The foundation of our nation’s government were built upon the political ideas established in ancient Greece. In an autocratic government, as seen in many middle eastern countries, an absolute ruler such as a monarch, chosen by their extraordinary, innate abilities, manages society. Two forms of government – authoritarian and totalitarian stem from this autocratic government. An authoritarian government is one in which a leader or a small group of leaders rules without being constitutionally responsible for the people or the laws. A totalitarian government, on the other hand, is one that confiscates all individual freedoms and designates the characteristics citizens’ lives to the authorit y of the nation. In an aristocratic/oligarchical government (preferred by Plato), the power of the nation is designated to a relatively small, wealthy class of rulers. In a democracy, the official form of government in the United States, the nation is ruled by many people. There are two forms of democracy – a direct democracy and a representative democracy. In a representative democracy, the type of democracy we have today, the rulers are elected representatives chosen to maintain a system of checks and balances. In a direct democracy, as seen in ancient Athens, the nation is ruled by anyone who wishes and decisions are made by the citizens. In ancient Greece, specifically Athens and Sparta, the structure of their nation was referred to as a polis, which has many translations including â€Å"politics†, â€Å"politician†, and â€Å"police†. However, the most commonly used English derivative of the term polis, is â€Å"city-state†. In Athens, the polis is a purposely small, self-ruled institutional form of government that offers powerful common life for its citizens. The small size of Athen’s polis allows for citizens’ active involvement in public governmental affairs; this is known as a direct, participatory democracy – one in which citizens were actively involved in the nation’s government. Aristotle preferred the polis to be restricted in size as to provide an effective and well-organized community for its citizens. Within ancient Greece, each polis maintained their own laws and form of government within its own range of citizens. Specifically, in the Athenian mode l of the polis, there were two dimensions of the city-state: a popular assembly, and a social and educational institution. Within Athen’s popular assembly, rulers of the city-state were citizens randomly chosen by form of a â€Å"lottery†. These randomly chosen leaders, would meet within this popular assembly to debate upon and discuss governmental affairs and national decisions. Because the rulers were not voted upon, elections played very little, if any, role in Athenian democracy. Athen’s popular assembly within the democracy is comprised of courts of law with very large juries. Just as the United States citizens’ rights and responsibilities are founded upon historical documents, the government of ancient Athens also relies on a written Constitution. Unlike our current democracy, there was no separation between church and state within Athenian society. Rather than having multiple religions that citizens are free to follow, ancient Athens had one state religion. The goal of education in the Athenian polis was â€Å"to improve the lives of its population and to teach proper moral ideals and virtues.† (Klosko) Inside the social and educational institution of the polis, the virtues of the city-state were expressed through its laws. Because the polis of Athens was a powerful socializing force, the education creates a general idea of what the good life should be and what happiness is. The educational system of the polis was composed of 2 components: Education in the visual and literary arts, and physical training to prepare citizens for war. Greek law in Athens was primarily based upon the true moral principles that human beings are able to discover through experience and education. Because Greek laws were strongly and directly correlated with religion, the god(s) of the city-state were the ones who established the laws. Both the laws and the educational system of the polis consisted of the application of the existence of valid moral claim s to the city-state. In the Athenian city-state, citizenship was the center of communal life in the polis. Citizens exercised their active role in the participatory democracy by holding office such as that in a modern bureaucracy, serving on juries or being judges, serving direct rule which held a very specific meaning, and emphasizing a strong correlation between private and public life. In Athenian society, women had very few legal rights and lived in practical isolation from the political society. Women lived underneath the authority of men with their major function being to â€Å"produce legitimate offspring to inherit property.† (Klosko) The role of women was to give birth to and groom young children to become powerful leaders in the Athenian participatory democracy. However, women, slaves, and foreigners, were all denied full citizenship within the city-state. In terms of Athenian citizens’ relationship to their city-state, Aristotle referred to human beings as â€Å"political animals† – meaning that they can only reach their full potential by living life within the poleis. Although in our modern democratic government today we will not be randomly selected to participate directly in our country’s government like the Athenian’s were, we may still be selected to participate indirectly in our government such as serving jury duty or voting in election polls to uphold our nation’s representatives. Within the polis, only male adults were considered citizens and were required to directly serve in the democratic government. The most important decisions concerning the nation’s affairs (decisions affecting the lives of all inhabitants) were made directly by citizens collectively after a debate within the popular assembly. Within the city-state, democratic citizenship in the participatory direct govern ment was the center of life. All political institutions were composed of male citizens of proper age and citizens selected randomly through a lottery system. Political service in the democracy was a normal part, even a duty, of citizens’ lives. Contrary to the Athenian model of the polis is Plato’s idea of a â€Å"Just City†. Plato believed virtue was a necessary characteristic in order to obtain happiness. Plato asserts that without a just environment, one composed of the various definitions of justice, no one can become virtuous. The main function of Plato’s â€Å"just city† is to maintain a â€Å"state-controlled system of education which was designed to raise everyone to their greatest level of virtue.† (Klosko) The primary structure of Plato’s â€Å"just city† is a completely controlled environment. While the Athenian polis was a direct, participatory democracy, Plato’s â€Å"just city† was an oligarchy, preferred by Plato himself. Unlike Aristotle, Plato believed his â€Å"just city† should be composed of a large number of families and guarded by a large army. The main feature of Plato’s â€Å"just city† is its solid division of classes. Similar to our government’s 3 branches (the executive, legislative, and judicial), Plato’s â€Å"just city† is composed of Philosopher-kings, Auxiliaries, and producers. The only difference between our government’s branches and Plato’s branches is that the â€Å"just city† possesses a hierarchy. The philosopher-kings, or guardians, are the highest class that rule the city-state. The Auxiliaries are the second-class warriors that make up the city’s militia or a rmy. The economic life in the â€Å"just city† is maintained by the producers, or the third-class merchants. Within the city, the guardians and the auxiliaries receive the same education. The primary reason for the separation of these classes is to ensure that the city’s best citizens will rule the nation. As Socrates portrays it, â€Å"Unless cities have philosophers as kings†¦unless political power and philosophy coincide†¦there can be no end to political troubles†¦or even to human troubles in general.† (Klosko) The two main reasons why it is ideal for philosophers to rule the city are because of their knowledge of both moral and metaphysical truth, as well as their superior characters. Unlike modern day politicians, philosophers do not care about wealth; rather, the dedicate all of their motivation towards internal pleasures of the mind. People in our modern-day society similar to Plato’s â€Å"philosophers† include artists, pries ts and followers of various religions, Catholic monks, and scientists. All of these previously mentioned occupations work towards improving the mind and soul, rather than seeking immediate gratifications and tangible pleasures. Contrary to our government’s separation of powers, Plato believes his â€Å"just city† can rule without a system of checks and balances because his philosopher-king rulers have no reason to abuse their power. The paramount purpose of political institutions in Plato’s â€Å"just city† is the instillation of virtue on its citizens through education. Plato believes the city should shape the souls of its citizens after its own image and that only good men are to be modeled/imitated as example-setters. In Plato’s ideal city-state, education continues even after early education. Within his city, there is a designated program of higher education for philosophic-rulers to prepare them for their kingship and decipher between strong and weak rulers. The educational environment of the city works towards a goal of providing moral reform for its citizens. Unlike Aristotle’s idea of education, Plato emphasized education of the arts and steered away from physical training as in the polis. Plato shared the view with Socrates that moral beliefs should not rely on faith alone. Plato was against seeking poets for moral guidance, unless that poet was able to teach independent argu ments for their views, similar to the goals of Socrates’ Socratic method. Plato emphasized that art has significant moral and social influences and that people are especially influenced by the art they are exposed to during early childhood. However, if poetry and other arts do not meet his standards, Plato believes they could inflict harmful effects and thus should be prohibited from the â€Å"just city†. Plato believed that education begins before birth while the mother does rhythmic exercises in the womb. Additionally, he believed that art and other aspects of education are especially effective during early childhood â€Å"when the soul is most malleable.† (Klosko) This is similar to our modern views of early education with the exception that, instead of the soul being malleable, the mind is most malleable during childhood. Plato compares the child’s soul to a sponge because it soaks up the educational environment it is raised in. In Plato’s curr iculum schedule, philosophers begin their program of higher studies in mathematic dialectic, which lasts 15 years covering arithmetic, geometry, and harmonics (physics). After an additional 15 years of obtaining practical experience in the â€Å"just city†, education is finally complete at the age of 50. Similar to our nation’s modern-day views of media, Plato asserts that children’s attitudes towards violence may be negatively impacted by their exposure to violent TV shows and media sources. In order for education to achieve its goal of instilling virtue, Plato states that total control is demanded and advocates for â€Å"a system of conditioning that involves al aspects of the state.† (Klosko) Plato makes an analogy of a sick man and medication: A sick man who continues to take medications rather than altering his lifestyle that made him sick in the first place is similar to changing laws in a city that is corrupt at the center. A city’s corrupti on can be eliminated and replaced with a proper educational system only if the entire environment is reconstructed. Plato mentions three basic types of humans: philosophical, competitive, and appetitive. The philosophical humans are those that focus on reasoning elements and primarily care about wisdom and truth. The competitive humans are those that focus on the spiritual element and emphasize the virtue of honor. The last class of humans, the appetitive type, are those that focus on money and immediate pleasures/gratifications. In Plato’s â€Å"just city†, female guardians performed the same job as the male guardians and all guardians possess women and children in common. Men were not to know who their children were and were not allowed to display excessive love for one woman in particular. Additionally, women were also not allowed to know who their children were as they were taken from them at birth. In Plato’s idealistic city, war was supported by universal rule of law and children joined the adults in battle. If any citizen displayed weakness, their status as a guardian o r a philosopher-king was revoked. In order to ensure that the city’s rulers actually possessed the outstanding characteristics intended for philosophers, they were carefully selected during youth and then tested at various stages throughout their lives. The quality of Plato’s â€Å"just city† was determined by the strength of its philosopher-kings’ desires to rules. The philosopher-kings of the city rule involuntarily as a duty because the benefits of philosophy were not guaranteed through political power.

Good Nutrition and a Well Balanced Diet in Children

The Importance of Good Nutrition and a Well Balanced Diet in Children 0 – 6 Good nutrition and a healthy balanced diet are important for young children, introducing a healthy eating plan at a young age will benefit a child later in life. For the first 6 months of a child’s life their nutritional needs are meet with either breast milk or formula milk. Breast milk is mostly recommended as it contains more nutrients and immune boosting substances. There are many health benefits of breastfeeding. Reports suggest that breastfeed babies are less likely to have illnesses and infections, as well as have better mental development, better mouth formation and stronger teeth. (breastfeeding.ie, Feb`13).Formula milk is also nutritional and has its†¦show more content†¦The easiest way to prevent this from happening is to * Attacking the source of infection by identifying and treating the sick child, this can be done by use of a quick morning health check and sending home the sick child if necessary * Attacking the route of infection by general and personal hygiene practices i.e.; washing of hands and disinfecting of toys and surfaces. * Protecting the next person by good hygiene practices, healthy diet and immunization. Infections and disease can be spread in a number of ways * By Air – coughing, sneezing which can lead to cold, flu and chickenpox .Symptoms of which are cough, fever, runny nose or rash. * By Human Waste – i.e.; urine, stools which can lead to salmonella, hand foot and mouth disease. Symptoms of which are nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. * Direct contact with infected hair, skin and objects can lead to scabies, head lice or impetigo. Symptoms include rash, itching or visible nits or eggs. * Direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids which can lead to HIV, AIDS or hepatitis B and C. Symptoms which include fatigue, yellow skin and weakened immune system. Ways to help reduce the spread of infection include, * Hand washing – using running water and liquid soap dispensers if possible * Washing and disinfecting toys daily * Washing frequently used surfaces often and floors daily * Wearing disposableShow MoreRelatedHunger Is The Matter Of International Law Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages Ensuring the right to adequate food and the fundamental right to be free from hunger is the matter of international law. Without adequate food, people cannot lead healthy and active life. They cannot care for their children and children cannot learn to read and write. The right to food cuts across the entire spectrum of human rights. 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Apartheid In Africa Essay Example For Students

Apartheid In Africa Essay Apartheid was a long shadow in the history of South Africa. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: aninternational hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racialoppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency ofhis country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than aquarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the center of the mostcompelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of theAfrican National Congress and head of South Africas anti-apartheid movement, hewas instrumental in moving the nation toward multiracial government and majorityrule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rightsand racial equality. The election of Nelson Mandela in 1994 marked the firsttime all race elections were held in South Africa and the end of all white rulein South Africa. Prior to 1994, only white people held political control withthe majority of people living in South Africa having little to no realrepresentation in government. One word described the racist system that keptnon-whites from political and social equality and became infamously known aroundthe world: Apartheid. Apartheid was not a case of just I am white and I dontlike blacks. It was a complex system of social separation calledsegregation under British rule. It was a system of cheap labor enforced by laws,social, and industrial practices. There was also an ideology that justified it;whatever one did to question it, there was the pre-existing attitude we arecivilized and they are not. In 1910 the British parliament passed the Act ofUnion that brought British and Afrikaans colonies together to create a unitedand independent South Africa. Unfortunately, the newly created country did notbreak from a tradition of discrimination and segregation. Instead thesepractices became even further entrenched as bills were passed to ensure whitedomination. However, it wasnt until 1948 and the election of Dr. D.F. MalansNationalist Party that the c oncepts of apartheid became officially governmentpolicy (Moodie, 1994, p12). Malan was victorious in the election, beating theUnited Party and its leader Jan Smuts by portraying Smuts and his party as tooliberal and not capable of dealing with the swart gevar (Afrikaans forblack peril). In a country controlled by a white minority, feartactics worked for the Nationalists, and they managed a slender parliamentarymajority. From 1948 on, official apartheid principles were put into practicaleffect, and Malans government passed bills designed to maintain political,economic, and social control by whites over non-whites (Robinson, 1968, p.87). Under apartheid, people were classified into one of four categories: White,Colored, Indian, and Black. As a non-white, one was required to carry a passbookthat detailed ones racial grouping, employer, place of dwelling, andpermission to be (on a temporary basis only) in a white area. In 1954 theResettlement of Natives Act meant that entire towns and villages in whichnon-whites lived were suddenly designated to bewhite-only areas. The entire population would then be forced toresettle into tribal reserves. As well, Blacks not needed for laborin white communities (referred to as superfluous Bantu by thenationalist government) were sent to live in these homelands. During the 1960s,nearly three million Africans were moved onto the Bantustans (Porter, 1991,p.32). Blacks would be removed from their homes, trucked to their new homeland,and dumped on land with little or no agricultural value and no infrastructure. The result was mass starvation and major epidemics. In an effort to givecredibility to the reserves, the 1953 Nationalist government passed the BantuAuthorities Act allowing Bantustans to become independent homelands. In reality, however, Bantustans proved to be nothing more than holding areas forcheap labor for the white economy (Report of the Select Committee on theImmorality Amendment Bill, 1968, p. 9). Meanwhile charges of racism were comingfrom both inside South Africa and around the world. Oliver Tambo, a leadingpolitical activist against apartheid and president of the African NationalCongress (ANC), outlines what it meant to be a non-white living in apartheidSouth Africa in his paper Human Right in South Africa: During the last twodecades human values in our country sank to primitive levels as elementary humanrights were trampled underfoot on a scale unparalleled in recent history. Thisoccurred in open and direct defiance of the United Nations and the entireinternational community. It is as well to remember that the men in power inSouth Africa today wholeheartedly supported Nazism and have never repented ofit. The African and other non-white people in Africa do not enjoy the right totake pa rt in government nor can they vote for representatives who govern. TheConstitution of the Republic of South Africa (passed in 1961) specificallyexcludes non-whites from any participation in the councils of the State. They donot have the right to assemble with others and join or refrain from joining any legitimate organization or group. They cannot enjoy a full cultural life inaccordance with their artistic, literary and scientific inclinations. On thecontrary, the majority of the people are excluded from places of culture orentertainment, from libraries, from scientific institutions. Our people do nothave the right to travel without hindrance within the country or leave thecountry. The notorious pass laws and the Departure from the Republic RegulationAct prevent this. Africans do not have the right to a job and in fact arelegally prevented from doing a large variety of jobs which are reserved forwhites. They have no rights of collective bargaining, and cannot form or join alabor un ion, even one recognized by the State. Africans cannot agitate andcannot go on strike in order to better their working conditions and pay (Tambo,1968, p.29). In reaction to being excluded from political power by the 1910 Actof Union, due to the color of their skin, a group of chiefs, Christianministers, and intellectuals came together to form the South African NativeNational Congress. In 1923 this organization changed its name to become theAfrican National Congress (ANC). The ANC believed that Africans should worktogether as a united force to bring about political change and racial equality(Mandela, 1995, pp. 12-15). Initially, the ANC stuck to a strict policy ofpacifist resistance. However, frustration with a lack of results led the ANCsmilitant Youth League, formed in 1944 under the leadership of NelsonMandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu, to advocate becoming more aggressivein the struggle. At an ANC conference in 1949, Mandela and his colleagues passedthe Program of Resistan ce that was to change the nature of the ANC. The Programof Resistance called for boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience to bring anend to racial discrimination (Thompson, 1996, p. 65). The fundamental principlesof the Program of Action of the African National Congress were inspired by thedesire to achieve national freedom. By national freedom, they meant freedom fromwhite domination and the attainment of political independence. That implied therejection of the conception of segregation, apartheid, trusteeship, or whiteleadership, which were all, in one way or another, motivated by the idea ofwhite domination or domination of the whites over the Blacks (Thompson, 1996,pp. 13-21). In 1955, opponents of apartheid, including The South AfricanIndian Congress, The Colored Peoples organization, the whitesCongress of Democrats, and the ANC, met at the Congress of thePeople where they drafted the Freedom Charter. The Freedom Charter became thedeclaration for all of these organizations fig hting for democracy and humanrights. It declared that We, the People of South Africa, declare for all ourcountry and the world to know: that South Africa belongs to all who live in it,black and white, and that no government can justly claim authority unless it isbased on the will of all the people (Porter, 1991, p.31). In 1949 theNational Party led government set up the Eislen Commission, aspecially appointed commission given the task of restructuring the educationsystem according to the apartheid philosophy. The commission recommended thatdifferent races should receive different forms of education. For example, Blackchildren were to be taught in such a way that the Bantu child will be able tofind his way in European communities, to follow oral or written instructions,and to carry on a simple conversation with Europeans about his work and othersubjects of common interest. These recommendations became law in the 1955 BantuEducation Act. In short, Blacks were to be trained to do manua l labor and tofollow the instructions of whites (Porter, 1991, pp.25-45). In response to theBantu Education Act, the ANC held a boycott of government schools, and set uptheir own schools. Nelson Mandela spoke out against the introduction of BantuEducation, calling for community activists to make every home, every shackor rickety structure a center of learning (Mandela, 1995, p. 45). Howevergovernment, forces cracked down on these private schools, declaring unlicensedschools illegal and forcing the students to return to the public schools. Personal Story - Afraid of Forgetting Essay140-152). The end of Apratheid led to a Government of National Unity far widerand more explicit than the attempts to heal political breaches made by previousSouth African presidents South Africa then reached a turning point in itshistory after the first democratic elections in 1994 and the rise to politicalpower of Nelson Mandela. Still, one cannot begin to understand the history ofSouth Africa without considering the effects of four and a half decades ofApartheid. Most black people working today are engaged in dealing with thelegacy of the past as retold to them weekly in the South African press reportageon the Truth and Reconciliation Committee. For many, the new era in South Africahas brought little appreciable change in the standard of living partiallybecause foreign industries that divested their interests there during the 1980shave been slow to return despite the dramatic political changes that have takenplace (Elder, 1993, pp.152-16 3). The time of post-revolutionary euphoria iscoming to a close in South Africa. Continued poverty, inadequate housing, anoverburdened education system, and many other leftovers from the Apartheid erastill hamper the forging of a new nation and the remaking of ideas aboutsociety. South African history has shown how effectively a distorted, butlegalized distribution of power can bring about a warped social system whenbacked by strong-willed security forces, how the moral authority of a determinedopposition, even outside the legalized structures, can challenge that power ifit can operate from a secure base and receive support from outside. Letstherefore unite our forces, fight, and challenge each one of us for a betterfuture of South African children and let apartheid be no more. BibliographyElder, G.S. (1993). The controls and regulations in apartheid South Africa. London: Mapping Co. Jackson, P. (1987). Race and Racism in South Africa,London: Allen Unwin. Porter, K., and Weeks, J. (1991). Between the Acts. London: Routledge. Republic of South Africa (1968). Report of the SelectCommittee on the Immorality Amendment Bill. Cape Town: Government Printers. Robinson, J. (1990) A perfect system of control: State power and nativelocations in South Africa. Environment and Planning Society and Space pp. 8,135-162. Robinson, J. (1994). From Anti-apartheid to Post-colonialism. London:Guilford Press. Thompson, L. (1996). A History of South Africa. Yale UniversityPress. Mandela, N. (1995). Long Walk to Freedom. Pretoria: Little Brown Tambo,O. (1968). Human Rights in South Africa. London: Random House ReferenceBibliography Beavon., K. (1982). Black townships in South Africa: Terraincognita for urban geographers. South African Geographical Journal, pp. 64 -70. Hart, D.M., and Pirie, G.H. (1984). The sight and soul of Sophiatown. Geographical Review, pp. 38-47, 74. Kobayashi, A., and Peake, L. (1994). Unnatural discourse: race and gender in South Africa. Culture Magazine, pp. 225-243. Moodie, T.D. (1994). A Rainbow Nation. United States: University ofCalifornia Press. Platzsky, L. and Walker, C. (1985). The Surplus People: ForcedRemovals in South Africa. Johannesburg: Ravan Press. Rogerson, C.M. And Parnell,S.M. (1989). Fostered by the larger: apartheid human geography in the 1980s. Mail Guardian Magazine, pp. 13-26. Smith, S. (1989). The Politics of Raceand Residence. Cambridge: Polity Press. Waldmeir, P. (1997). Anatomy of aMiracle. London: Norton Press. Paton, A. (1995). Cry the Beloved Country London:Scribner. First published in 1948. Slovo, G. (1997). Every Secret Thing. Pretoria: Brown Publishing. Boynton, G. (1997). Last Days in Cloud Cuckooland. London: Random House. A History of the African National Congress (ANC). (nd). *http://www.anc .org.za/ancdocs/about/umzabalazo.html*. Black Power. (1994, May9). Newsweek. *http://aace.virg inia.edu/go/capetown/B-black.html*. (1999, March10) Project Capetown: Education and Integration in South Africa (1995, February12). *http://curry.edsch ool.Virginia.EDU/go/capetown/* The End of Apartheid (n.d.)http:/ /www.southafrica.net/government/history/apartend.html Silke, S. WhatShaped South Africa? (1997). *http://www.sapolitics.co.z a/history.htm* a/history.htm*

Sample Essays on Freedom of Speech

Sample Essays on Freedom of SpeechWhy are the sample's essay on freedom of speech or the example's essay? The sample essays on the topic of freedom of speech should be given to those people who are required to write it, but not to anyone else. To your knowledge and that of others who are asked to write such an essay, they should know the importance of freedom of speech and how they can use this as a tool to give a good insight on the topics of the essay.The sample essays can be understood by everyone who will read it since they are simple and easy to understand. Some of the ideas expressed in the examples essay on the freedom of speech can be difficult to relate to and therefore require some explanation before it can be easily understood. They can be helpful for those people who cannot be allowed to do something wrong by using this tool.The writing samples have been made to allow those who are in the danger of being harassed and those who need to gain an upper hand on the problem to gain first hand experience on how to deal with the issues. You will find out that you do not need to hire a lawyer or engage the services of an agency in order to have this done. You can be able to get the desired result of protecting yourself, your family and your company without having to get involved in the courtroom.The free speech is a fundamental right that is supported by the American Constitution. This is the right that allows you to freely express yourself and get to express your views to others. This form of freedom is crucial for the development of our culture, it is one of the most important rights in our world and we should make sure that we have it, while we can.We should also understand that in the area of free speech we can find a lot of different forms of expression like that of word-of-mouth and that of media and entertainment. If we do not have freedom of speech in our society, there would be no truth and there would be no art in the world. For the reason that the art cannot exist without the freedom of speech, therefore, we should all be careful of the factors of getting into trouble because of our speech.The basic idea of the freedom of speech is that you should be allowed to freely express yourself so that you can make others understand your point of view. This freedom of speech gives you the opportunity to communicate with other people and to change their opinion. They can even be made to change their mind when they are made to understand your point of view.If we do not have freedom of speech, then the entire society will become stagnant and no new ideas will ever be generated. Once you know the importance of freedom of speech and the fact that you are the one who can decide whether or not it will be given or not, then you can make sure that you are never caught with a mistake. This is important because every mistake has the potential to ruin your whole life.In addition to these, if you want to be successful in dealing with a certain mat ter, you should seek for the assistance of the samples essays on the topic of freedom of speech. This should be given to people who are required to write them because they should know how important these essays are. These are easy to understand and should be given to everyone who asks for them.